Landscape and Ecosystems

zone of subtropical plants
zone of vineyards and dry subtropical fruit-growing
horticultural, vine-growing zone
zone of fruit-growing, field-crop cultivation and vine–growing
mountain fest zone
field-crop cultivation and cattle-breeding zone
mountain mowing field and pasture zone
permanent snow, glaciers zone

zone of subtropical plants
Territory: Kolkheti, Achara-Guria, Apkhazeti – Samegrelo, Imereti lowlands, Achara –Guria, Apkhazeti-Samegrelo and Imereti: moutain slopes and plain
Altitude above see level 0-450 m
Average annual temperature: -13°-14°
Precipitation: 1000-2000mm
Soils: Turf-moored, red, yellow, carbonate, black, alluvial, silt, grayish-white soil
Plants: Moored forests, Kolkheti permanently green forest, beech, nut, bay, box forests
Farming activity: Technical cultures, field-crop cultivation, subtropical gardening, tea, citrus, winter vegetable, tobacco, vine-growing

zone of vineyards and dry subtropical fruit-growing
Territory: Apkhazeti, Shirak-Gareji, Kvemo Kartli plain
Altitude above see level: 150-850m
Average annual temperature: 11°-14°
Precipitation: 350-800 mm
Soils: Alluvial–carbonate, grey meadow, moored, black, dark grey soils
Plants: Thorned bush, moored, oak, small wood forests
Farming activity: Vine-growing, dry subtropical fruit-growing (fig, peach, apricot, pomegranate), field-crop cultivation, vegetable culture, vine-growing, horticulture (melon, watermelon)

horticultural, vine-growing zone
Territory: Kvemo Kartli, Ksan-Aragvi plain, Middle and Upepr Kartli plain
Altitude above see level: 480-900m
Average annual temperature: 12°-12,2°
Precipitation: 450-650mm
Soils: Alluvila moored, black, silt soils
Plants: Oak, thorned bush, small wood forests
Farming activity: Horticulture, vine, vegetable growing, livestock breeding

zone of fruit-growing, field-crop cultivation and vine–growing

Territory:West Georgian middle mountain, east Georgian middle mountain

Altitude above see level: 450-1500m
Average annual temperature: –10°- 11°
Precipitation: 600-1600mm
Soils: Mountain forest, forest dark gray, carbonate soils
Plants: Beech, fir, oak forests
Farming activity: Vine, horticulture, forest growing, livestock breeding

mountain fest zone
Territory: Racha, Svaneti, Samegrelo-Apkhazeti mountains
Altitude above see level: 1400-2300 m
Average annual temperature: 5°-8°
Precipitation: 1500-2000mm
Soils: Mountain forest varieties
Plants: Beech, fir, subalpine forests
Farming activity: Forest-growing, field-crop cultivation, livestock breeding, high mountainous fruit-growing

field-crop cultivation and cattle-breeding zone
Territory: South Georgia mountain plains and meadows
Altitude above see level: 1400-2500m
Average annual temperature: 5°-6°
Precipitation: 900mm
Soils: Black, moored, meadow soils
Plants: Mountain plains, mountain meadows, subalpine meadows
Farming activity: Field-crop cultivation, livestock breeding, mainly horse breeding

mountain mowing field and pasture zone
Territory: Racha, Svaneti, Apkhazeti-Samegrelo mountains, high mountains, Achara-Imereti high mountains, Oseti, Tusheti, Pshav-Khevsureti
Altitude above see level: 2000-3500m
Average annual temperature: 3°-5°
Precipitation: 1500-2500mm
Soils: High mountain subalpine and different variants of alpine soils
Plants: High mountain meadows, subalpine forests, subalpine bushes, subalpine meadows, high mountain oak forest
Farming activity: Livestock breeding, field-crop cultivation

permanent snow, glaciers zone